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The essay question is How does rhetoric dominant within educational policy and practice (fairness, achievement, inclusion, potential, aspiration) compare to lived experiences of social in/exclusion in educational contexts? Which you will refer to There is a total word limit of 4,000 words for this assessment task there are 4 criteria’s that I have spoken about in detail below. I will need a introduction, mainbody critical evaluations talking about the chosen topic and with clear intext and references with the font size 12 new times roman using APA 7. The criteria that I have put down must refer back to theories and statistics and be backed up with good knowledge and use good literature with strengths and limitations and how the research supports the theory.
The Assignment in Detail
Choosing a social group
Firstly, You will need to choose a social group that You will focus on in the essay. It is suggested that you choose one of the social groups that we have looked at in the module. For this essay I have chosen, ‘disabled children in Primary School’.
1) Accounting the experiences of a social group
The first assignment criterion asks you to account for the experiences of a social group.
Don’t just provide us with a lot of statistics on participation and achievement for this group/s. Although these statistics may be helpful and important, it is just as important to discuss the processes (racism, sexism, poverty, disablism etc) that the members of this group face. It is very important that you explain these processes by applying some of the theories that we have looked at in the module, so that your discussion is not just descriptive (see heading below).
For my essay you can use a statistic like are disabled children more likely to be classed as NEET (not in education, Employment or Training) when they grow up). As this related to my social group.
It may also be helpful to find some first-person accounts – there are various places that you could look for these such as in academic texts (particularly those that report on empirical research), blogs, biographies, or through the websites of campaigning organisations.
Remember to review and think critically about your sources: what difference does it make, for example, if an experience is written by a parent of a young person negotiating the school system, rather than the young person themselves? How about if a researcher is reporting the views of children? What if you have used a popular biography of a celebrity who talks about school experiences of exclusion – could this have been written in a certain way to try and sell copies of the book? What agenda do a campaigning organisation have?
These are the kinds of questions to ask when you encounter any source of information – so tell us how and why you have chosen particular sources in your essay (this relates to assignment criteria 3).
2) Using sociological theory
The purpose of theory is to tell us why and how some groups in society face discrimination and exclusion. We will introduce you to various different sociological theories throughout the module. These will include:
•​critical race theory
•​Bourdieu’s theories of capital
•​different theories of disability, including the social and medical models, ableism and disablism
•​queer theory
•​gender and feminist theory
•​intersectionality
You will apply theory to analyse the experiences that you have outlined. I have chosen the social/ medical model of diability and intersectionality theories to talk about for my social group which is ‘disabled children in Primary School’.
•​if you have an account of a disabled child facing barriers to attending a school trip with their peers, you could use the social/ medical model of diability to talk about how these barriers could be removed.
And talk about the intersectionality model and how that links to ‘disabled children in Primary School’.
Don’t feel restricted to only include one theory (although this is ok too!).
3) Using suitable sources
We’ve already touched on this a bit above, but as this is an assignment criteria on its own, you can tell that we think the use of sources is important! We want you to think carefully about what you choose to cite and why – who we cite is political!
We expect the use of academic sources in your essay – this includes journal articles, book chapters and academic books. Books and journal articles will themselves contain references that they have used which you can follow up. Make sure all your in-text references are correct and that your end references section is correctly laid out.
However, there may be times that you make a decision to also cite sources other than those traditionally thought of as ‘academic’, such as a blog or the website of an activist group. You may make this decision, because this knowledge or way of understanding isn’t represented within academia, or you think it’s important to include first-hand experience.
NB: this doesn’t mean that you can just cite websites that you have found to make a particular point. Your thinking needs to be developed through reading from a range of different sources, and those sources need to be critically considered.
We also want you to think about who you are citing in terms of whose knowledges are being represented. if you have only cited white men, whose knowledges and experiences are you missing out?
It’s important that you tell us in your essay how you have made decisions about who to cite and why (you may have a section on this in your introduction, or do it more organically throughout the essay).
4) Drawing conclusions relevant to the essay question
Your essay question is:
How does rhetoric dominant within educational policy and practice (fairness, achievement, inclusion, potential, aspiration) compare to lived experiences of social in/exclusion in educational contexts?
So for my chosen social group which is ‘disabled children in Primary School’ looking at dominant educational discourse. So for mine use inclusion and comparing the discourse to the social group I chose.
We chose this question as we want you to think critically about how the experiences that you’ve included and analysed compare to what the government, policy makers and other institutions sometimes claim is happening.
You could add interview studies with parents disagree or agree with the social model.
In other words, we’re asking you to ponder around does the reality of exclusion match up with what the people in charge of education say should happen?
To address this criterion, you could analyse and quote from some relevant official policy documents from appropriate government departments e.g. Department for Education, Cabinet Office or Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. These may be white papers, reports or guidelines. These are often very long documents but it is not necessary to read every page of them. They usually have an introduction and an “executive summary” which contains all the main points of the document.
You could also look at or speeches from politicians, or manifestos from the government in power. Alternatively, you could think on a smaller scale by looking at the equality and diversity statements from educational institutions such as universities.
To support your arguments, you will need to make use of appropriate academic literature such as books, journal articles and government reports.
To do this you will need to offer up a conclusion that weighs up all the evidence you’ve got (statistics, individuals’ experiences, theories) against what the discourse says is happening or should be happening.
I have added all the additional materials that are relevant to this essay that may help and the mark scheme.

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